频率扩展器

> {quote：title = theamberco写道：} {quote}>嗨，有几家公司生产Freq。
VNA的扩展器之一是Virginal Diodes我认为你的意思是“弗吉尼亚二极管”。
我确定那里有一个笑话，但我不会去寻找它。
戴夫



     以下为原文

  > {quote:title=theamberco wrote:}{quote}
> Hi, there are several companies that make Freq. extenders for VNAs one is Virginal Diodes 

I think you mean "Virginia Diodes". I'm sure there is a joke there somewhere, but I am not going to look for it. 

Dave

嗨，好消息是VDI确实有频率扩展器使用26.5 GHz PNA（N522xA）或PNA-X（N524xA）。
您可以查看附带的mmWave概述，第26页，有与26.5 GHz PNA / PNA-X或43.5 GHz及更高​​版本兼容的模块的信息。
根据PNA型号，扩展器和PNA / PNA-X之间的电缆也不同。
它也在第26页。



     以下为原文

  Hi, the good news is VDI indeed has frequency extenders working with the 26.5 GHz PNA (N522xA) or PNA-X (N524xA). You can take a look at the attached mmWave overview, page 26, there are information for the modules compatible with 26.5 GHz PNA/PNA-X or 43.5 GHz and above.
The cables between the extenders and the PNA/PNA-X are also different depending on the PNA model. It is also on page 26.

附件

• THz NA-5989-7620EN Technical Overview - new.pdf3.7 MB
  

> {quote：title = ningchen写道：} {quote}>嗨，好消息是VDI确实有频率扩展器使用26.5 GHz PNA（N522xA）或PNA-X（N524xA）。
您可以查看附带的mmWave概述，第26页，有与26.5 GHz PNA / PNA-X或43.5 GHz及更高​​版本兼容的模块的信息。
>根据PNA型号，扩展器和PNA / PNA-X之间的电缆也不同。
它也在第26页。嗨ningchen，我知道这个主题的原始海报（theamberco）。
他有一个6 GHz的PNA - 而不是26.5 GHz的PNA，所以不能使用Virginia Diodes频率扩展器。
我曾向theamberco提到我正在考虑制作一个频率扩展器，以使我的8720D工作*低于* 50 MHz，尽管原则上它也可以在频率上升。
daras认为我的想法有一定的工作机会，并且值得尝试，因为它相当简单。
如果没有可配置的测试装置，我可以降低VNA的频率范围吗？
我的最终想法需要直接访问接收器（8720D上的选项012），而不是IF。
在从Keysight购买前面板覆盖层后，我将很快添加选项012。
（我仍然需要制作一些2.4毫米到SMA电缆，因为是德科技没有它们）。
我上周一在英国的Keysight mm-Wave用户俱乐部会议上看到了一个Virginia Diodes 110 GHz频率扩展器。
它是使用26.5 GHz N5142A PNA-X设置的，在IF处直接输入（我认为是选项020），4个端口和双源（我认为是选项400）。
来自PNA-X的双源提供RF和本地振荡器，它们之间的固定偏移为100 MHz左右。
这产生了PNA-X测量的固定IF。
我对8720D的计划是使用一个固定的LO，所以一个变量IF，由接收器测量。
它的优点是不需要IF访问机器或双源。
由于我的垃圾箱里有一个足够大的Minicircuits零件系列，因此我也无需花费任何费用。
我必须承认我对Virgina Diodes的解决方案印象深刻。
我还和他们的家伙聊了很久关于Gunn二极管 - 一个完全不同的话题，但他对我很有帮助。
虽然看起来很奇怪，但他并不感到惊讶的是，它可以在Magic T中组合一个64和70 mW的耿氏二极管，并获得235 mW的组合输出功率，这超过了各个功率的总和！
一些无线电火腿报道了这一点 - 请参阅http://www.bobatkins.com/radio/10GHz_gunn_power_combiner.html大多数人都认为这很疯狂，但来自Virginia Diodes的人可以解释一下。
无论如何，我认为theamberco不会从弗吉尼亚二极管购买任何东西。
戴夫



     以下为原文

  > {quote:title=ningchen wrote:}{quote}
> Hi, the good news is VDI indeed has frequency extenders working with the 26.5 GHz PNA (N522xA) or PNA-X (N524xA). You can take a look at the attached mmWave overview, page 26, there are information for the modules compatible with 26.5 GHz PNA/PNA-X or 43.5 GHz and above.
> The cables between the extenders and the PNA/PNA-X are also different depending on the PNA model. It is also on page 26.

Hi ningchen,

I know the original poster of this thread (theamberco). He has a 6 GHz PNA - not a 26.5 GHz one, so can't use the Virginia Diodes frequency extenders. 

I mentioned to theamberco that I was thinking of making a frequency extender to allow my 8720D to work *below* 50 MHz, although in principle one could go up in frequency too. daras thought my idea had some chance of working, and was worth trying given it was fairly simple. 
Can I decrease frequency range of a VNA without a configurable test set?
 

My final idea needed direct access to the receivers (option 012 on an 8720D), but not to the IF. I will be adding option 012 quite soon, after purchasing the front panel overlay from Keysight. (I still need to get some 2.4 mm to SMA cables made, as Keysight don't have them). 

I see one of the Virginia Diodes 110 GHz frequency extenders last Monday at the Keysight mm-Wave Users Club Meeting in the UK. It was set up using a  26.5 GHz N5142A PNA-X with direct input at the IF (I think that's option 020), 4 ports and dual sources (I think that's option 400). The dual sources from the PNA-X provided both the RF and local oscillator, with a fixed offset of 100 MHz or so between them. That produced a fixed IF which the PNA-X measured. 

My plan for my 8720D was to use a fixed LO, and so a variable IF, which would be measured by the receiver. It has the advantage of not requiring IF access to the machine or dual sources. It will also cost me next to nothing to build, as I have a big enough collection of Minicircuits parts in my junk box! 

I must admit I was quite impressed with the solution from Virgina Diodes. 

I also had a long chat with their guy about Gunn diodes - a different topic altogether, but he was really helpful to me. Strange as it may seem, he was not at all surprised that it was possible combine a 64 and 70 mW Gunn diode in a Magic T and get a combined power output of 235 mW, which is more than the sum of the individual powers! This was reported by some radio hams - see

http://www.bobatkins.com/radio/10GHz_gunn_power_combiner.html

Most people would think it crazy, but the guy from Virginia Diodes could explain it. 

Anyway, I don't think theamberco will be purchasing anything from Virginia Diodes.

Dave

> {quote：title = ningchen写道：} {quote}>嗨，好消息是VDI确实有频率扩展器使用26.5 GHz PNA（N522xA）或PNA-X（N524xA）。
您可以查看附带的mmWave概述，第26页，有与26.5 GHz PNA / PNA-X或43.5 GHz及更高​​版本兼容的模块的信息。
>根据PNA型号，扩展器和PNA / PNA-X之间的电缆也不同。
它也在第26页。谢谢，但正如DrKirkby说我有一个6Ghz单位，并正在寻找Freq的扩展器。
像3,6,9 GHz PNA一样，原因是要增加频率。
没有更换单元的成本。
我觉得奇怪的是他们为26.5GHz及以上的扩展而不是更低的扩展器。我认为对于更低的频率，市场会更大。
的VNA。



     以下为原文

  > {quote:title=ningchen wrote:}{quote}
> Hi, the good news is VDI indeed has frequency extenders working with the 26.5 GHz PNA (N522xA) or PNA-X (N524xA). You can take a look at the attached mmWave overview, page 26, there are information for the modules compatible with 26.5 GHz PNA/PNA-X or 43.5 GHz and above.
> The cables between the extenders and the PNA/PNA-X are also different depending on the PNA model. It is also on page 26.
Thanks but as DrKirkby said I have a 6Ghz unit and was looking for extenders for Freq. like 3, 6, 9 GHz PNA the reason be to increase freq. without the cost of a replacement unit. I find strange that they make extenders for 26.5GHz and above and not for lower ones.I think the market would be a lot bigger for lower freq. VNAs.

与整个PNA的成本相比，扩展器的成本相当高。
但是许多PNA都可以在频率上升级。
请咨询当地的代表。
我们使用毫米频率扩展器的原因（实际上，最低频率扩展器是50-90 GHz E波段扩展器，它可以使用26.5 GHz单元作为基本单元，但你的频率间距为26.5到50
GHz）是因为损耗太大以至于必须使扩展器非常靠近DUT并避免长电缆。
是的，我们有一个跨区域，我们有全频带盒（10M-70 GHz）和扩展器，但是70°以上的频率对集成盒子来说是个问题。



     以下为原文

  The cost of extenders is quite high compared of the cost of a whole PNA.  But many of the PNA's can be upgraded in frequency. Check with your local rep.

The reason we use extenders at mm frequencies (and in fact, the lowest frequency extender is the 50-90 GHz E-band extender, which can use a 26.5 GHz unit as a base unit but you have a gap in freq from 26.5 to 50 GHz) is because the loss is so great that it is necessary to bring the extender quite near the DUT and avoid long cables. 

And yes, there is a cross over region where we have full-band boxes (10M-70 GHz) and extenders, but much above 70 GHz get problematic for integrated boxes.

> {quote：title = Dr_joel写道：} {quote}>与整个PNA的成本相比，扩展器的成本相当高。
但是许多PNA都可以在频率上升级。
请咨询当地的代表。
谢谢，是的，我看到扩展器更昂贵。
我的PNA不受支持，因此看起来唯一的方法就是将其替换为更高的频率。
单元。



     以下为原文

  > {quote:title=Dr_joel wrote:}{quote}
> The cost of extenders is quite high compared of the cost of a whole PNA.  But many of the PNA's can be upgraded in frequency. Check with your local rep.
Thanks and Yes I saw that the extenders are more expensive. My PNA is out of support so it looks the only way is to replace it for a higher Freq. unit.