自八十年代末的灰色砖块设计以来，智能手机已经走过了漫长的道路。
今天，消费者需要更薄，更小的手机，以满足这一趋势;
智能手机制造商通常不得不在其设计中减少天线容量。
由于较小的天线通常不提供与较大的天线相同的性能，因此导致呼叫掉线或丢失以及可实现的数据速率降低。
除此之外，智能手机现在还需要适应不断增长的网络提供的数据速率和更宽的4G和4G +网络频段覆盖范围（698-2690 MHz）。
为了满足新的运营商要求和消费者期望，RF调谐在智能手机设计中变得至关重要。
传统的调谐解决方案称为“开环”，使设备能够更好地支持多个LTE / HSPA +频段并提高天线性能，但不适应可变的工作条件或用例。
当前的解决方案通常选择固定的匹配模式，以便为特定的用例提供最佳的智能手机性能（通常用于自由空间，头部空间或折衷方案）。
虽然这是对非调谐天线的改进，但标准匹配配置的使用仅部分地解决了手机在其正常操作中经历的现实环境。
想想您在特定日期使用智能手机的不同方式 - 给朋友发短信，输入电子邮件或拨打电话。
这些用例中的每一个都会影响手机的性能。
当您将手机放在耳边或用手握住手机时，您实际上是在取消手机失谐并阻挡天线信号。
这导致总辐射功率（TRP）（电话传输功率的测量）和总各向同性灵敏度（tiS）的降低（智能手机对“接收”信号电平的敏感程度的测量）。
用于适应用例更改的最先进系统是闭环系统。
这些实时测量天线阻抗并实时调整匹配，以适应不同使用情况下天线的变化。
闭环调谐需要测量从天线反射的信号的相位和幅度，以确定天线阻抗，如史密斯圆图所示。
一旦知道复阻抗，就应用算法确定最佳匹配配置，然后实时应用。
安森美半导体提供完整的闭环调谐解决方案，可针对任何设计进行定制。
以上来自于谷歌翻译
以下为原文
Smartphones have come a long way since the gray, brick-sized design of the late eighties. Today, consumers demand thinner, smaller handsets and, in order to meet this trend; smartphone manufacturers often have to reduce antenna volume within their design. Since smaller antennas typically do not offer the same performance as larger ones, the result is an increase of dropped or missed calls and lower achievable data rates. Adding to this problem, smartphones now also need to adapt to the increasing network offered data rates and wider band coverage range (698-2690 MHz) of 4G and 4G+ networks.
In order to meet new carrier requirements and consumer expectations, RF tuning has become essential in smartphone designs.
Traditional tuning solutions, called “open-loop”, enable the device to better support multiple LTE/HSPA+ bands and improve antenna performance, but do not adapt to variable operating conditions, or use cases. Current solutions typically select a fixed match pattern to provide the optimal smartphone performance for a certain use case, (usually either for freespace, head-hand, or a compromise). While this is an improvement over non-tuned antennas, the use of standard matching configurations only partially address real-world environments the handset experiences in its normal operation.
Think of the different ways in which you use your smartphone in a given day- texting a friend, typing an email, or making a phone call. Each of these use cases affect how your handset performs. When you hold your phone to your ear or grip it with your hand, you are actually detuning the handset and blocking the antenna signal. This leads to a reduction in Total Radiated Power (TRP) (the measurement of how much power the phone is transmitting) and Total Isotropic Sensitivity (TIS) (the measurement of how sensitive the smartphone is to “receive” signal levels).
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The most advanced system for adapting to use case changes are closed-loop systems. These take real- time measurements of the antenna impedance and adjust the match, also in real-time, to accommodate the variations experienced by the antenna in different use cases.
Closed-loop tuning needs to measure both phase and amplitude of signal reflected from the antenna to determine the antenna impedance, as shown on the Smith chart. Once the complex impedance is known, an algorithm is applied to determine optimal match configuration, which is then applied in real time.
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ON Semiconductor offers complete closed-loop tuning solutions, which can be customized for any design.
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